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protected_module_loader.py

import sys
from importlib.abc import Loader, MetaPathFinder
from importlib.util import spec_from_file_location
from pathlib import Path
from types import ModuleType


class ProtectedModule(ModuleType):
    def __getattribute__(self, name):
        if name in ("__dict__", "__class__", "__name__", "__file__", "__all__", "__doc__", "__package__", "__loader__", "__spec__"):
            return super().__getattribute__(name)
        allowed = super().__getattribute__("__all__") if hasattr(self, "__all__") else []
        if name in allowed:
            return super().__getattribute__(name)
        raise AttributeError(f"module '{self.__name__}' has no attribute '{name}'")

    def __dir__(self):
        base = ["__dict__", "__class__", "__name__", "__file__", "__all__", "__doc__", "__package__", "__loader__", "__spec__"]
        allowed = self.__all__ if hasattr(self, "__all__") else []
        return [*base, *allowed]


class ProtectedModuleLoader(Loader):
    def create_module(self, spec):
        return ProtectedModule(spec.name)

    def exec_module(self, module):
        origin = getattr(module.__spec__, "origin", None)
        if not origin:
            raise ImportError(f"Cannot load module {module.__name__}: no origin found.")
        with Path(origin).open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
            code = compile(f.read(), origin, "exec")
        exec(code, module.__dict__)
        # 确保 __all__ 存在且为 list 或 tuple
        if "__all__" not in module.__dict__ or not isinstance(module.__dict__["__all__"], list | tuple):
            module.__dict__["__all__"] = []


class ProtectedModuleFinder(MetaPathFinder):
    def __init__(self, protected_names):
        self.protected_names = set(protected_names)

    def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):
        if fullname not in self.protected_names:
            return None
        # 跳过自身, 防止递归
        for finder in sys.meta_path:
            if finder is self:
                continue
            if hasattr(finder, "find_spec"):
                spec = finder.find_spec(fullname, path, target)
                if spec is not None and getattr(spec, "origin", None):
                    return spec_from_file_location(fullname, spec.origin, loader=ProtectedModuleLoader())
        return None


# 注册到 sys.meta_path, 保护指定模块
PROTECTED_MODULES = ["example_module"]
sys.meta_path.insert(0, ProtectedModuleFinder(PROTECTED_MODULES))

# 测试用例
if __name__ == "__main__":
    import example_module

    print(dir(example_module))  # 只显示 __all__ 和内置属性
    print(example_module.some_exported_name)  # 可以访问