List of Linux commands in tables categorized by tool types

linux_shell_commands.md

List of Linux commands in tables categorized by tool types. source

File and Directory Operations

Command	Description
cp	Copy files to another location
mv	Move or rename files or directories
rm	Remove files
mkdir	Create new folders
ls	List files
find	Search for files
locate	Find files by name
touch	Change file timestamps
chmod	Change access permissions
chown	Change file owner and group
ln	Make hard or symbolic links
stat	Display file status
file	Determine file type
lsof	List open files
tree	List contents in a tree format

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Network Tools

Command	Description
ping	Test network connection
ifconfig	Configure network interfaces
netstat	Show network connections and stats
curl	Transfer data to/from server
wget	Retrieve web pages/files
ssh	Secure shell for remote login
scp	Secure copy for remote files
ftp	File Transfer Protocol
dig	DNS lookup
nslookup	Query Internet name servers
iptables	Manage firewall rules
traceroute	Trace route to host
nc (netcat)	Network diagnostics and data transfer

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Process and Job Management

Command	Description
ps	Display process status
top	Display real-time process info
kill	Terminate a process by PID
killall	Terminate processes by name
fg	Move a job to the foreground
bg	Move a job to the background
jobs	List active jobs
disown	Unbind job from the current session
nice	Set priority of a command
nohup	Run a command immune to hangups

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Disk and Storage Utilities

Command	Description
df	Display free disk space
du	Estimate file space usage
mount	Mount a filesystem
umount	Unmount a filesystem
fsck	Check/repair filesystem
mkfs	Format disks
lsblk	List block devices
fdisk	Partition table manipulator
dd	Clone disks
blkid	Print block device attributes

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System Configuration and Information

Command	Description
uname	Print system information
uptime	Show how long the system has been running
hostname	Set or print system hostname
date	Display/change date and time
timedatectl	Manage date/time settings
sysctl	Configure kernel parameters
dmesg	Print kernel messages
lsb_release	Linux distribution details

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Scripting and Shell Tools

Command	Description
alias	Create an alias
bash	GNU Bourne-Again Shell
awk	Find/replace text in files
sed	Stream editor for file transformations
source	Execute commands from a file
env	Manage environment variables
echo	Display text on screen
export	Set environment variable
trap	Run commands on signal

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Compression and Archiving

Command	Description
gzip	Compress/decompress files
bzip2	Compress/decompress files
tar	Archive files
zip	Package and compress files
unzip	Extract zip files
cpio	Copy files to/from archives
xz	Compress files using XZ format

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Text Editors and Processing

Command	Description
nano	Simple text editor
vim	Advanced text editor
sed	Stream editor for text transformations
grep	Search for patterns in text
awk	Pattern scanning and processing
tr	Translate or delete characters
wc	Count words, lines, and characters
sort	Sort text files

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Utility and Miscellaneous Tools

Command	Description
cal	Display a calendar
man	Display manual pages
bc	Precision calculator
htop	Interactive process viewer
watch	Run/display a command periodically
printenv	Print environment variables
time	Measure program resource usage
screen	Terminal multiplexer
tmux	Terminal multiplexer