Audio LFO example using C++17

main.cpp

#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <filesystem>

void work(const std::int16_t* signal, std::int16_t* new_signal, std::size_t num_samples)
{
    // Parameters
    const double LFO_FREQUENCY = 5; // LFO frequency [Hz]
    const double SAMPLE_RATE = 44100; // Sample rate [Hz]
    const double CONVERSION_FACTOR = 32768.0;
    double phase = 0;  // Initial phase [rad]
    double dphase = 2 * M_PI * LFO_FREQUENCY / SAMPLE_RATE; // Phase rate of change [rad/sample]
    const double LFO_WEIGHT = 0.3; // Maximum amplitude variation of the LFO
    const double LFO_OFFSET = 0.5; // Offset of the LFO amplitude
    std::size_t n;

    for (n = 0; n < num_samples; ++n) {
        // Convert the input signal to a double and multiply by the LFO output
        double sample = (signal[n] / CONVERSION_FACTOR) * (std::sin(phase) * LFO_WEIGHT + LFO_OFFSET);

        // Increment the phase of the LFO by 1 sample, keep it within 2pi
        phase = std::fmod(phase + dphase, 2*M_PI);

        // Convert the sample to be used in the audio output
        new_signal[n] = sample * CONVERSION_FACTOR;
    }
}

int main(int, char**)
{
    std::filesystem::path in_path("sine.raw");
    std::filesystem::path out_path("lfo.raw");

    std::size_t in_size = std::filesystem::file_size(in_path);
    std::size_t num_samples = in_size / sizeof(std::int16_t);

    std::vector<std::int16_t> in(in_size / sizeof(std::int16_t));
    std::vector<std::int16_t> out(in_size / sizeof(std::int16_t));

    std::ifstream fin(in_path, std::ifstream::binary);
    fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(in.data()), in_size);
    fin.close();

    work(in.data(), out.data(), in.size());

    std::ofstream fout(out_path, std::ofstream::binary);
    fout.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(out.data()), out.size() * sizeof(std::int16_t));
    fout.close();
}