Gráfico para averiguar si Perú tiene el IGV entre los más altos del mundo. Datos tomados de Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value-added_tax

boxplot_paises_igv.R

library(scales)

png(width=750, height=480, units="px", filename="chart4.png")

# layout
par(bty="n", 
    font.axis=2, cex.axis=1, col.axis="#535353",
    font.lab=2, cex.lab=1, col.lab="#535353",
    font.main=2, cex.main=1.8, col.main="#3C3C3C",
    mgp=c(1.5,1,0),
    bg="#F0F0F0",
    mar=c(3, 3, 3, 2) + 0.1
      )

paises <- 
  c('Hungary', 'Iceland', 'Sweden', 'Norway', 'Faroe Islands', 'Denmark', 'Croatia', 'Brazil', 'Romania', 'Finland', 'Portugal', 'Poland', 'Ireland', 'Greece', 'Uruguay', 'Slovenia', 'Italy', 'Spain', 'Netherlands', 'Lithuania', 'Latvia', 'Czech Republic', 'Belgium', 'Argentina', 'Uzbekistan', 'United Kingdom', 'Ukraine', 'Slovakia', 'Serbia', 'Republic of Moldova', 'Morocco', 'France', 'Estonia', 'Bulgaria', 'Belarus', 'Austria', 'Armenia', 'Albania', 'Monaco', 'Montenegro', 'Germany', 'Cyprus', 'Chile', 'Turkey', 'Tunisia', 'Rwanda', 'Russia', 'Peru', 'Malta', 'Macedonia', 'Israel', 'Georgia', 'Dominican Republic', 'Azerbaijan', 'Barbados', 'Saint Kitts and Nevis', 'Peoples Republic of China', 'Pakistan', 'Bosnia and Herzegovina', 'Mexico', 'Kosovo', 'Jordan', 'Guyana', 'Colombia', 'Trinidad and Tobago', 'New Zealand', 'Namibia', 'Mauritius', 'Luxembourg', 'Ghana', 'Fiji', 'Ethiopia', 'Bangladesh', 'Palestine', 'South Africa', 'India', 'Nepal', 'El Salvador', 'Bolivia', 'Venezuela', 'Sri Lanka', 'Philippines', 'Kazakhstan', 'Guatemala', 'Ecuador', 'Vietnam', 'South Korea', 'Paraguay', 'Lebanon', 'Indonesia', 'Egypt', 'Canada', 'Australia', 'Switzerland', 'Liechtenstein', 'Japan', 'Iran', 'Thailand', 'Singapore', 'Panama', 'Maldives', 'Malaysia', 'Taiwan', 'Jersey', 'Andorra');
x <- c(27, 25.5, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 24, 24, 23, 23, 23, 23, 22, 22, 22, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 19.6, 19, 19, 19, 19, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 17.5, 17, 17, 17, 17, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 14.5, 14, 13.5, 13, 13, 13, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 8, 8, 8, 8, 7, 7, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, 4.5)
boxplot(x, 
        xlab="Todos los países", 
        ylab="Porcentaje de impuesto IGV", 
        main="",
        axes=FALSE,
        border="black",
        lwd=2
        )
stripchart(x, vertical=TRUE, method="jitter",
           pch=21, bg=alpha("#3498db",0.5), 
           add=TRUE)
plotted <- c()
for( i in 1:length(paises)) {
  if( !x[i] %in% plotted && x[i] != 18 ) {
    text(1.2,x[i], paises[i], pos=4, cex=0.7, col="#3498db")
  }
  plotted <- c(plotted, x[i])
}
text(1.2, 18, "PERU", pos=4, col="red", cex=0.7,
     font=2)
points(1, 18, pch=21, bg="red", col="red") 

# layout
grid(lty=1, col="#D0D0D0", lwd=0.75)
axis(2, las=1, at=seq(10, 25, 5), lwd=0, col.ticks="#D0D0D0", lwd.ticks=0.75, padj=-0.3, hadj=-0.5)
axis(2, las=1, at=5, lwd=0, col.ticks="#D0D0D0", lwd.ticks=0.75, padj=-0.3, hadj=-2)
title(main="Perú tiene el IGV entre los más altos del mundo?", adj=0)
#axis(1, labels=FALSE, col="#D0D0D0", col.ticks="#D0D0D0", lwd.ticks=0.75)

dev.off()