A clean and minimal mode-line configuration (requires Emacs 30.1)

my-mode-line.el

(setopt mode-line-format
        '("%e"
          mode-line-front-space
          ;; removed mode-line-mule-info
          mode-line-client
          mode-line-modified
          mode-line-remote
          mode-line-window-dedicated
          ;; removed `display' property from the above constructs
          "\t" ; added
          mode-line-frame-identification
          mode-line-buffer-identification
          "   "
          mode-line-position
          mode-line-format-right-align ; added
          (project-mode-line project-mode-line-format)
          (vc-mode vc-mode)
          "  "
          mode-line-modes
          mode-line-misc-info
          "  " ; added
          mode-line-end-spaces))
(setopt mode-line-modified
        '((:eval (if buffer-read-only "R" ""))
          (:propertize
           (:eval (if (buffer-modified-p) "×" "")) face error)))
(setopt mode-line-modes (remove "(" (remove ")" mode-line-modes)))
(setopt mode-line-position-column-line-format '("%l:%c"))
(setopt mode-line-position-line-format '("L%l"))
(setopt mode-line-remote
        '(:eval (if (file-remote-p default-directory) "☎" "")))
(setopt mode-line-right-align-edge 'window)

This uses the mode-line-format-right-align mode-line construct and the mode-line-right-align-edge user-option, both of which are new features in Emacs 30.

It also uses a combination of regular spaces and tabs to align the buffer name. I'm using the Lexend Exa font in my mode-line, so you might need to adjust if your font is different, but probably not.

EDIT (screenshots):

Regular:

And with Prot's spacious-padding and spacious-padding-subtle-mode-line enabled:

Updated to using tab character to align buffer-name to ensure it doesn't move, even on Windows, where apparently the spacing was different.

Switched to using a colon to separate line number and column number in column-number-mode. Reason being that the "LATIN LETTER PIPE" that I had there wasn't covered by the fonts on my Windows work laptop. I didn't want to bother with fixing it, even though it looked a little bit nicer. My goal for this is to keep it simple, not perfect.

Also for indicating a remote connection, I switched from the satellite dish emoji character to the simple "BLACK TELEPHONE" character, which is more universal. Same reason as in the last paragraph.

Updated to improve readability of mode-line-format value and to indicate what changes were made to it in comments.