Adapting the twelve-factor methodology for "Qubes-native" multi-VM applications: a preliminary sketch[^1]
Virtualization is the conceptual technology on which modern services (server applications) are built. Whether an application happens to run on a fully- or para-virtualized VM[^2] or is containerized—or even runs on a “bare-metal” physical server after all—most modern services are designed in isolated, replicated, disposable components on commodity hardware.[^3] The [“twelve-factor methodology”][wiggins] (2011) is an influential articulation of the principles