Sunny Chakraborty sunnyc7

Understanding DSPy: Key Insights and Principles

DSPy represents a significant advancement in the field of AI software development. However, its complexity can make it challenging to fully comprehend. This document aims to clarify the foundational principles of DSPy and outline its core tenets.

Introduction

The central thesis of DSPy is that while large language models (LLMs) and their methodologies will continue to evolve, this progress will not be uniform across all dimensions. Therefore, it is essential to identify:

The minimal set of fundamental abstractions that enable the development of downstream AI software that is "future-proof" and capable of adapting to advancements.

hi, i'm daniel. i'm a 15-year-old high school junior. in my free time, i hack billion dollar companies and build cool stuff.

3 months ago, I discovered a unique 0-click deanonymization attack that allows an attacker to grab the location of any target within a 250 mile radius. With a vulnerable app installed on a target's phone (or as a background application on their laptop), an attacker can send a malicious payload and deanonymize you within seconds--and you wouldn't even know.

I'm publishing this writeup and research as a warning, especially for journalists, activists, and hackers, about this type of undetectable attack. Hundreds of applications are vulnerable, including some of the most popular apps in the world: Signal, Discord, Twitter/X, and others. Here's how it works:

Cloudflare

By the numbers, Cloudflare is easily the most popular CDN on the market. It beats out competitors such as Sucuri, Amazon CloudFront, Akamai, and Fastly. In 2019, a major Cloudflare outage k

Chat GPT "DAN" (and other "Jailbreaks")

	//
	// Jacky Qwerty/29A compression algorithm, by Matt Mahoney
	// modified by odzhan
	// 2019-12-07
	//
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include <stdint.h>
	#include <time.h>

	function New-ActiveScriptEventConsumerClass {
	<#
	.SYNOPSIS

	Creates an ActiveScriptEventConsumer WMI class in the namespace of your choosing.

	.DESCRIPTION

	New-ActiveScriptEventConsumerClass creates a clone of the ActiveScriptEventConsumer WMI event consumer class using the class name and namespace name of your choosing.

	# Author: Matthew Graeber (@mattifestation)

	$Epoch = Get-Date '01/01/1970'

	# Conversion trick taken from https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/heyscriptingguy/2017/02/01/powertip-convert-from-utc-to-my-local-time-zone/
	$StrCurrentTimeZone = (Get-WmiObject Win32_timezone).StandardName
	$TZ = [TimeZoneInfo]::FindSystemTimeZoneById($StrCurrentTimeZone)

	# Parse out all the LogonGUID fields for sysmon ProcessCreate events
	Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{ LogName = 'Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational'; Id = 1 } \| ForEach-Object {

	#include <stdio.h>

	void DumpHex(const void* data, size_t size) {
	char ascii[17];
	size_t i, j;
	ascii[16] = '\0';
	for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
	printf("%02X ", ((unsigned char*)data)[i]);
	if (((unsigned char)data)[i] >= ' ' && ((unsigned char)data)[i] <= '~') {
	ascii[i % 16] = ((unsigned char*)data)[i];

	// A very rough x64 POC for spoofing environment variables similar to argument spoofing with a focus on
	// setting the COMPlus_ETWEnabled=0 var for disabling ETW in .NET.
	//
	// Works by launching the target process suspended, reading PEB, updates the ptr used to store environment variables,
	// and then resuming the process.
	//
	// (https://blog.xpnsec.com/hiding-your-dotnet-complus-etwenabled/)

	#define INJECT_PARAM L"COMPlus_ETWEnabled=0\0\0\0"
	#define INJECT_PARAM_LEN 43

	'''checkaslrfiles.py: Check for files that opt into ASLR with /DYNAMICBASE,
	but do not have a relocation table to allow ASLR to function.

	usage: checkaslrfiles.py <dir>
	ex: checkaslr.py "C:\Program Files\"

	requires: pefile <https://github.com/erocarrera/pefile>, which should be
	installable via: pip install pefile
	'''

	Latency Comparison Numbers (~2012)
	----------------------------------
	L1 cache reference 0.5 ns
	Branch mispredict 5 ns
	L2 cache reference 7 ns 14x L1 cache
	Mutex lock/unlock 25 ns
	Main memory reference 100 ns 20x L2 cache, 200x L1 cache
	Compress 1K bytes with Zippy 3,000 ns 3 us
	Send 1K bytes over 1 Gbps network 10,000 ns 10 us
	Read 4K randomly from SSD* 150,000 ns 150 us ~1GB/sec SSD