Useful PostgreSQL Queries and Commands

postgres_queries_and_commands.sql

-- show running queries (pre 9.2)
SELECT procpid, age(query_start, clock_timestamp()), usename, current_query 
FROM pg_stat_activity 
WHERE current_query != '<IDLE>' AND current_query NOT ILIKE '%pg_stat_activity%' 
ORDER BY query_start desc;

-- show running queries (9.2)
SELECT pid, age(query_start, clock_timestamp()), usename, query 
FROM pg_stat_activity 
WHERE query != '<IDLE>' AND query NOT ILIKE '%pg_stat_activity%' 
ORDER BY query_start desc;

-- kill running query
SELECT pg_cancel_backend(procpid);

-- kill idle query
SELECT pg_terminate_backend(procpid);

-- vacuum command
VACUUM (VERBOSE, ANALYZE);

-- all database users
select * from pg_stat_activity where current_query not like '<%';

-- all databases and their sizes
select * from pg_user;

-- all tables and their size, with/without indexes
select datname, pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size(datname))
from pg_database
order by pg_database_size(datname) desc;

-- cache hit rates (should not be less than 0.99)
SELECT sum(heap_blks_read) as heap_read, sum(heap_blks_hit)  as heap_hit, (sum(heap_blks_hit) - sum(heap_blks_read)) / sum(heap_blks_hit) as ratio
FROM pg_statio_user_tables;

-- table index usage rates (should not be less than 0.99)
SELECT relname, 100 * idx_scan / (seq_scan + idx_scan) percent_of_times_index_used, n_live_tup rows_in_table
FROM pg_stat_user_tables 
ORDER BY n_live_tup DESC;

-- how many indexes are in cache
SELECT sum(idx_blks_read) as idx_read, sum(idx_blks_hit)  as idx_hit, (sum(idx_blks_hit) - sum(idx_blks_read)) / sum(idx_blks_hit) as ratio
FROM pg_statio_user_indexes;

-- Dump database on remote host to file
$ pg_dump -U username -h hostname databasename > dump.sql

-- Import dump into existing database
$ psql -d newdb -f dump.sql

-- top unused indexes
$ SELECT
  schemaname || '.' || relname AS table,
  indexrelname AS index,
  pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(i.indexrelid)) AS index_size,
  idx_scan as index_scans
FROM pg_stat_user_indexes ui
JOIN pg_index i ON ui.indexrelid = i.indexrelid
WHERE NOT indisunique AND idx_scan < 50 AND pg_relation_size(relid) > 5 * 8192
ORDER BY pg_relation_size(i.indexrelid) / nullif(idx_scan, 0) DESC NULLS FIRST,
pg_relation_size(i.indexrelid) DESC;

-- completely unused indexes
SELECT relid::regclass as table, indexrelid::regclass as index
     , pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(indexrelid))
  FROM pg_stat_user_indexes
  JOIN pg_index
 USING (indexrelid)
 WHERE idx_scan = 0
   AND indisunique IS FALSE order by pg_relation_size(indexrelid)
                                       
-- postgres db size at rest
select pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('zego'));

-- postgres table size
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('users'));
                                       
-- postgres index size
select pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('users_pkey'));
                                       
-- postgres table size including indexes
select pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('users'));

-- postgres table sizes
SELECT *, pg_size_pretty(total_bytes) AS total
    , pg_size_pretty(index_bytes) AS INDEX
    , pg_size_pretty(toast_bytes) AS toast
    , pg_size_pretty(table_bytes) AS TABLE
  FROM (
  SELECT *, total_bytes-index_bytes-COALESCE(toast_bytes,0) AS table_bytes FROM (
      SELECT c.oid,nspname AS table_schema, relname AS TABLE_NAME
              , c.reltuples AS row_estimate
              , pg_total_relation_size(c.oid) AS total_bytes
              , pg_indexes_size(c.oid) AS index_bytes
              , pg_total_relation_size(reltoastrelid) AS toast_bytes
          FROM pg_class c
          LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
          WHERE relkind = 'r'
  ) a
) a;

-- list enums
select n.nspname as enum_schema,  
       t.typname as enum_name,  
       e.enumlabel as enum_value
from pg_type t 
   join pg_enum e on t.oid = e.enumtypid  
   join pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = t.typnamespace
   
-- list blocked queries
select pid, 
       usename, 
       pg_blocking_pids(pid) as blocked_by, 
       query as blocked_query
from pg_stat_activity
where cardinality(pg_blocking_pids(pid)) > 0;
                                   
-- dead tuples
SELECT
relname AS TableName
,n_live_tup AS LiveTuples
,n_dead_tup AS DeadTuples
,last_autovacuum AS Autovacuum
,last_autoanalyze AS Autoanalyze
FROM pg_stat_user_tables;
                                   
-- autovacuum stats
SELECT relname, last_autovacuum,last_autoanalyze FROM pg_stat_user_tables;

-- largest 10 tables
SELECT table_name,pg_relation_size(table_schema || '.' || table_name) as size FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog') ORDER BY size DESC LIMIT 10;