PHP Variable Scope with Wordpress shortcode attributes

PHP Variable Scope with Wordpress shortcode attributes

<?php

// I have a function, embedVine(), which is a Wordpress shortcode. It uses one attribute, $id which I've assigned to $vine_id to avoid confusion ($post_id etc). This shortcode takes the ID (Vine IDs are the ending of the Vine URL, e.g http://vine.co/v/hx9LlrZxdqV, the id = hx9LlrZxdqV) and embed's the Vine within a Wordpress post. The shortcode markup is [vine id='...'].

function embedVine($atts) {

    extract(shortcode_atts(array(
        "id" => ''
    ), $atts));

    $vine_id = $id;

   // I'm then doing a whole load of stuff involving $vine_id, including using it as a parameter to pass to different functions I've written that are separate to this function.
   
   $output = "...";
   
  return $output;
   
} add_shortcode("vine", "embedVine");

I then have another function, vineThumb() which when executed, needs to use the $vine_id variable as it's parameter. However, the $vine_id variable is defined within the function, so when I try to call it outside of the function, it appears undefined. How can I access $vine_id from outside of the function?
function vineThumb($id) {
    $vine = file_get_contents("http://vine.co/v/{$id}");
    return $vine;
    // of course, it's a lot more complicated than this but for the sake of this, it works.
} vineThumb($vine_id);

?>

@tomoakley On the Gist edit screen, make sure to put .php in the 'name this gist' section and it will let you format it.

Line 11, where is $id set in the first place?

@SteveEdson in the extract.

But the extract doesn't return anything?

Wordpress shortcode attributes are assigned to variables :) I know this piece works though because it's not the problem. If I tried to access $id outside of the shortcode function it still wouldn't work.