Exclude the top level parents Taxonomy

gistfile1.txt

    add_filter('terms_clauses', function ( $pieces, $taxonomies, $args ) {

        if (!isset($args['wpse_exclude_top']) || 1 !== $args['wpse_exclude_top']
        )
            return $pieces;

        $pieces['where'] .= ' AND tt.parent > 0';

        return $pieces;
    }, 10, 3);
    
    $terms = get_terms('category_aliment', ['wpse_exclude_top' => 1]);
    if ($terms && !is_wp_error($terms)
    ) {
        echo '<ul>';
        foreach ($terms as $term) {
            echo '<li><a href="' . get_term_link($term) . '">' . $term->name . '</a></li>';
        }
        echo '</ul>';
    }